dewey



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. M. W.- DEWEY.

ELBGTRIO TELEGRAPH'Y.

No. 394,960. Patented Dec. 25 1888.

WITNESSES: 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS PETERS, mmm mr. wman m m;

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet;v 2:.

M. W. DEWEY.

ELEGTRIO TELEGRAPHY.

No. 394,960. Patented Dec. 25, 1888.

WITNESSES: INVENTOH flog W Z W I mm X 9 ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENTQrrrcn.

MARK \V. DEWVEY, OF SYRACUSE, NEIV vYORK, ASSIGNOR OF TlVO-THIRDS TOEMIL LAASS AND CHARLES H. DUELL, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,960, dated December25, 1888. I Application filed November 21, 1887- Serial No. 255,695. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MARK \V'. DEWEY, of Syracuse, in the county ofOnondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Electric Telegraphy, of which the following, taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

The object of this invention is to expedite the transmission of messagesby the multiplex system of telegraphy; and it consists in thecombination, with multiplex lines, of transmitting-keys arranged to beoperated by one operator at one end of the said lines andrecording-levers at the opposite end of the lines and arranged withtheir markers in a row at right angles to the line of travel of thepaper to print simultaneously side by side the several marksrepresenting a letter or charzo acter, all as hereinafter more fullydescribed,

and specifically set forth in the claims.

In the common transmission of signals through a telegraphic circuit itiswell known that, with the exception of two letters, both 2 5 with theneedle and Morse systems, it is necessary to depress the keys severaltimes in order to transmit a single letter or signs representing it, thesigns being composed of dots and dashes or the inclinations of a needleto 0 the right and left by making short and long contacts of the keys inthe Morse system and depressions of right and left keys in the needlesystem. This consumes a great deal of time, and a small amount ofbusiness occupics a single circuit continually and necessitates theemployment of several wires or duplexing or quadruplexin g one wire. Inboth cases mentioned several operators are required, according to thenumber of communi- 0 cations carried on, for the speed of the operatoris not increased-i. a, it takes one as long to transmit a message on adiplex or quadruplex system as it does on a single circuit, and thegain, though great, is simply in arranging apparatus at the terminalstations so that several operators may be able to communicatesimultaneously over the same line. My invention carries it stillfarther, making it possible for one operator to do the work of four inone direction in the same length of time, using two dipleX lines, or onecan send paper.

a message in one-fourth or one-fifth of the time occupied in sending bythe other method.

In the Morse and international alphabets the letters that occur theoftenest in transmitting are indicated by a fewer number of depressionsof the key, in order to get as great speed as possible. The letters eand t, occurring oftener than others, are represented by a (lot, anddash, respectively, the two shortest signs used. The other letters andmarks are made in the time that would be occupied in making from two toeight such simple signs.

In my invention the several marks required to represent a single letterare all made simultaneousl y, and consequently said letter is printed asquickly as a letter represented by a single mark, the aforesaidarrangement requiring an entirely new telegraphic code, whichconstitutes the subject-matter of an other application for patent whichI am about to make.

For a more ready understanding of my present invention, however, I mayhere state that said code consists in printing in a row at right anglesto the line of travel of the paper the several marks representing asingle letter or character, the marks in each row being of correspondinglengths, and the letters or char acters being distinguished from eachother by the lengths of the marks and the distance of the marks from thelongitudinal edges of the Although messages could be transmitted by thecode with a separate line-wire to each transmitting-key, yet to obviatethe use of the numerous wires and to expedite the operation, I employtwo diplex or quadruplex lines, as hereinafter described.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows an exemplification of the useof my improved 0 code in printing the word telegraph, and illustrates ageneral plan of the transmitting apparatus at one terminal station andrecording apparatus at the other terminal of two diplex circuits. It isobvious, however, that 5 in order to communicate in both directions atthe same time it is only necessary to combine this apparatus with anyone of the several known systems of simultaneous transmission inopposite directions. The only difference from the general plan, as willbe seen by the drawings, is in the arrangement of the keys,

so that one operator may use all the keys in transmitting a message, andin the recordinglevers, so that the message may be recorded. on onestrip of paper or other material provided tor the purpose by themovement of all the levers. Fig. 2 is a diagram of a local circuit withtwo kc s. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the rtaieiving and recordinginstrument, and Fig. 4 is a plan view oi a modification ol thetransmitting-instrl'umait adapted to be employed in connection with thediplex circnits.

It will be understtaal that precisely the same effect is produced on therecording-levers by the nn'mipulation of the keys as when each key andcorresponding recording-lever is operated by an individual operator, soit will not be necessary to explain the operation of the system, themode of operatiljm of which is so well known, but will proceed directlyto describe my improved arraiigements in connection with it.

The keys K K K." K (aiirrespoml with recording-levers R R R R", and whenone or more of the keys are depressed the corre sponding levers luringtheir pens or markers in contact; with the paper II. The mark. or marksmade simultaneously on the paper strip to represent a letter are eithercomposed entirely of dots or short dashes made by very short depressionsof the keys and recording-levers or dashes made by longer depression ofthe keys and recording-1evers, so that a letter is composed either 01: adot or combination of dots, or a dash or combination of dashesmadesimultaneously, arranged across a strip of paper which moves in thedirection indicated by the arrow in the drawings and between markers anda cylinder rotated by clock-work or some other means, said cylindersupporting the paper to receive. the impressions from the markers, thelatter being arranged side by side in a row at right I angles to thetravel of. the paper, and thus E when two or more markm's makeimpressions simnltantamsly said impressitms will be like wise in a rowat right angles to the travel ol the paper.

The marks on the strip ol paper l represent the word 'lelegraph. Theletters are condensed as closely as letters printed on atype-writer,whereby a great deal comes under the eye at a glance, andthe paper strip is thereby shortened to a more convenient length.

It will be noticed that the letters g and p are made by dashes and theother letters by dots.

The tour keys, though they may be operated by both hands, are intendedto be 0perated by the thumb and first, second, and third lingers ofright hand. Now, these keys may be duplicated-11 0., each local circuitmay contain two keys, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The second setof keys may be arranged to be depressed by fingers of the left: hand,the keys for both thumbs being in one local circuit control onetransmitter, the keys for the first finger of each hand. being inanother local circuit, another transmitter, &c. In this way the speedmay be increased, for the sets of keys may be used altm'nately. While on0 set of keys isbeing released by one hand that has transmitted a letterthe other set 01 k eys may be operated by the other hand to transmit aletter.

The operation of one diplex line is sub stantially the same as lullydcscrilaa'l in a work entitled. ,lU/cc/ricf/g/ and Ulc lC/cc/ricTelegraph, sixth edition, by George [1. :lrescott, Iss5, pages Hot; toson, inclusive, viz:

lrirst. Keys K and K both open. in this position the entire battery isin circuit, sending to the line a negative or H current of B 3 l3 --,lli.

Second. Key I open and KY closed. in this case battery B only is incircuit, sending to the line a negative or current of 1?.

Third. Key K closed and K? open. The entire battery is again in circuit;but in this case with the positive or pole to the line sending a currentof. 23 i l" 2 l 1").

ll ourth. hey K and K both closed. 'ln this position the battery 1 onlyis in circuit, sending to the line a positive or -lcurrent o l l 13.

Thus it. will. be understood that the line is caused to assume fourdistinct electrical con ditions, correspomling with the four possiblepositions ol? the keys at the transmitling-slation.

The receiving apparatus consists ol two rc cording-levcrs, l. and If,which are controlled by relays R and R The (amstruetion of R is in factsimply a polarized relay capable ot respont'ling to positive andnegative currents. The relay Pt dilt'ers materially from the relay It inthearrangement of its local-circuil connections, by means ol' which therewritinglever l] is operated.

The normal position of the apparatus when neither key at thetransmittirig-station is delll'tSSQtl is that shown :in the diagram.

The 'mannerin which the relays R and. R" operate in each ot? the. tourelectrical conditions of the line mentiomal, so asto cause the r(.'cording-lever l. to respond solely to movements of key K, and, therecordlug-lever U in like manner to the movements oi. key K and both inres1'ionse to'a simultaneous depression ol. key K and K will beundta'stood by reference to the :tollowing explanation:

lrirst. 1i and K both open. A negative or cin-rentt'rombothbatteries.ll3.) The local circuit of recording-lever L is kept open because thepolarity of the line-currenttends to hold the armatu re 71 of relay R onits backstop p. The local. circuit of recording-lever L is also openbetween armature and lover r, because the current on the line issufficiently powerful to overcome the spring "I" and hold armatureagainst stop 0. Thus reeording lever L remains in active.

Sectmd. K open and K closed. A negalever L.

tive or current from battery B only The local circuit of recording-leverL remains open between stop 1) and armature h, because the polarity ofthe current is such as to hold the latter against stop 1). current uponrelay R is to cause the armature j, assisted by spring a", to move tothe left and make contact with the lever "r, but not with sufficientforce to overcome theretractile spring q, thus leaving armature in acentral position between stops 0 and 0', thereby closing the localcircuit and operating recording-lever L Third. K closed and K open. Apositive or current from both batteries 4:13.) This current causes thearmature h of relay R to move to the left, thus closing the localcircuit at stop 1) and actuating recording- The arn'iature 7' of relay Ris also strongly attracted toward the left, pressing against theyielding lever r with sufficient force to overcome the spring q andpress the former against the stop 0, thus opening the local circuit ofrecording-lever L Fourth. Keys K and I both closed. Positive or currentfrom battery B B.) Relay R, which is arranged to close its local circuitby positive current of any strength, actuates the recording-lever Lprecisely as in the third case. The current upon the line in this caseis not of sufficient strength to hold the armature j of relay R againstthe stop 0. Consequently it moves together with lever r, assisted byspringq', to a central position, thus closing the local circuit betweenarmature j and stop (1, through lever 0', thereby operatingrecording-lever U. \Yhen armature j of relay R passes directly over fromone extreme position to the other for exam ple, from stop 0 to 0-it willbe observed that the local circuit is closed for an instant, but notlong enough to produce any effect whatever upon the lever L The otherdiplex line is operated in substantially the same manner.

\Vith the four transmitters fifteen letters can be made by a dot or acombination of dots, and the remaining eleven letters, short and, ($5,)period, and comma are made with, a dash or combination of dashes. Theremaining sign, composed of four. dashes, may serve to precede andfollow the same signs when figures and other signs are intended insteadof letters. I

It is obvious from the'above that the operators ability to manipulatethe keys is the only limit to the speed of the system, and a message maybe received in the absence of the receivingoperator.

An inked ribbon may be used instead of pen and pencil for markers,operating similar The action of this.

to that of a type-writer, or the markers may emboss or write with inkthe same as other telegraphic ink-writers.

It will be understood that it is not neces-l sary to use the apparatusin the precise arrangement shown, as any form of dipleX apparatus may beused for the same. purpose; and it is also obvious that in order tooperate contraplex it will only be necessary to employ ordinaryquadruplex apparatus in connection with each line.

The transmission of messages can be greatly facilitated and expedited bysubstituting for the keys K K K K" elastic fingers I I I I resting withtheir free ends upon a suitable metallic support, a, which is connectedwith the local circuits by wires 0 c c, as shown. in Fig. +t of thedrawings. A ribbon, cl, of paper or other insulating material is made topass by any suitable and well-known means, between the support a andfingers I I I 1 which ribbon has perforations I) Z) of different lengthsand arranged in difli'erent relative positions and representing thetelegraphic letters or characters to be transmitted. Durin the passageof said ribbon over the sup port a the solid portions of the ribbon,which become interposed between the fingers and support,-break thecircuits, the perforations closing the circuits and producing theelectric impulses according to the lengths and positions of theperforations.

Having described my invention, what I claim is l. The improved system ofelectric telegraphy consisting, essentially, of multiplex lines,transmitting-keys arranged to be operated by one operator at one end ofsaid lines, and recording-levers at the opposite end of the lines, andarranged with their markers in a row at right angles to the line oftravel of the paper to print simultaneously side by side the severalmarks representing a letter or character, as set forth.

2. The combination of two dipleX or quadrupleX lines, manipulative keysarranged to be operated by one operator at one end of said lines, andrecording-levers at the opposite end of the lines, and arranged withtheir markers in a row at right angles to the line of travel of thepaper, substantially as described and shown, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name, in the presence oftwo witnesses, at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in the State ofNew York, this 18th day of November, 1887.

Witnesses:

H. P. DENISON, C. L. BENDIXON.

IIO

